ADDENDA TO THE REPORT OF THE FORENSIC PATHOLOGY PANEL
ADDENDUM A
LIST OF THE DOCUMENTARY MATERIALS PROVIDED TO THE FORENSIC PATHOLOGY PANEL. BY THE HOUSE SELECT COMMITTEE ON ASSASSINATIONS (PACKETS I AND II)
PACKET I
Autopsy protocol (Nov. 22, 1963).
Supplementary autopsy report Dec. 6, 1963).
C.E. 397 (Humes notes of Nov. 23, 1963 call to Dr. Perry and Humes hand written draft of autopsy report).
Autopsy descriptive sheet (Nov. 22, 1963). W.C. autopsy diagrams (C.E. 385. 386, 400).
JFK documents: Death certificate (Nov. 22, 1963); authorization for post mortem examination ( Nov. 22, 1963 ): and report of in quest (Dec. 6, 1963).
Secret Service reports on bullet trajectories: Dec. 12, 1963 by Elmer Moore: Feb. 14. 1964 by Roger C. Warner: and Jan. 28. 1964 by Roger C. Warner.
Connally medical records: admitting summary (Nov. 22, 1963): admitting note (Nov. 22, 1963): Parkland Hospital operative record (Nov. 22, 1963) (from C.E. 392): Secret Service report on Connally's wounds (Feb. 14, 1964. by Roger C. Warner): and body diagram (Commission No.326) Nos. 1,2,3,4,5,6.
Narrative summary--Anesthesia care for Governor John Connally (Nov. 25, 1963), Dr. Giesecke to C.J. Price).
Reports of diagnostic X-ray consultation by Dr. J. Reynolds-November 22, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 29. December 2 and 4, 1963: supplementary report (Nov. 29, 1963)
Surgical pathology report (Nov. 30, 1963--by Dr. Stembridge).
FBI reports regarding: metal fragment (Nov. 30, 1963--by J. Doyle Williams; Nov. 23, 1963).
Parkland operative record (Nov. 27, 1963--by Gregory). Parkland operative record (Dec. 4, 1963--by Gregory).
JFK PARKLAND MEDICAL REPORTS--PACKET II
1966, index by Humes, Boswell, Ebersole, and Stringer; 1967, report by Humes, Boswell, and Finck; 1968, Clark panel report; 1975, Rockefeller panel reports; and receipts for photographs and X-rays.
FBI reports regarding: Harper skull fragment; FBI report (C.D. 205, pp.
153-4) regarding: examination of JFK clothing, and Hoover letter (to Rankin, Apr. 16, 1964) regarding: examination of Connally clothing.
Warren Report regarding: "The Autopsy "(W.R 59-60) and regarding: "The Bullet Wounds"(W.R. 85-96).
FBI reports regarding: autopsy by O'Neill and Sibert--November 26 and 29, 1963.
Articles by Cyril H. Wecht, M.D., J.D.
"Appendix D: A Critique of President Kennedy: Autopsy," "Six Seconds In Dallas," by Josiah Thompson. The Medical Evidence in the Assassination of President Kennedy, Forensic Science."3 (1974): 105-128 (and Robert P. Smith).
"JFK Assassination: A Prolonged and Willful Cover-up," "Modern Medicine," October 28 1974.
Interviews with Ken Rankin, "Physician's Management," October 1975 ("Part 1: The Evidence"); ("Part 2: The Cover-up"), November 1975.
"Pathologist: View of JFK Autopsy: An Unsolved Case," "Modern Medicine," November 27, 1972.
"A Post Mortem on the Warrenfeller Commission," "Juris," December,1975.
Articles by John K. Lattimer, M.D., F.A.C.S.
"An Experimental Study of the Backward Movement of President Kennedy's Head,"
"Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics," February, 1976 (and Jon Lattimer, Gary Lattimer).
"The Kennedy--Connally Single Bullet Theory--A Feasibility Study,"
"International Surgery," December, 1968 (and Jon Lattimer).
"Observations Based on Review of the Autopsy, Photographs, X-rays, and Related Materials of the late President John F. Kennedy," "Resident and Staff Physician" May 1972.
"Factors in the Death of President Kennedy," "Journal of the American Medical Association," October 24, 1966.
"The Kennedy--Connally One Bullet Theory: Further Circumstantial and Experimental Evidence." "Medical Times," November, 1974 (and Gary Lattimer and Jon Lottimer).
Other documentary materials
Warren Commission testimony of: Cdr. James J. Humes. Lt. Col. Pierre A. Finck, Cdr. J. Thornton Boswell, Dr. Malcolm O. Perry, Dr. George T. Shires, Dr. Charles F. Gregory, Dr. Martin G. White, Dr. Paul G. Peters, Dr. Adolph A. Giesecke, Jr., and Dr. William K. Clark.
Warren Commission testimony of: Dr. Don T. Curtis. Dr. Fuoad A. Bashour, Dr. Gene C. Akin, Dr. Charles J. Carrico, Dr. Charles R. Baxter, Dr. Robert Shaw, Rufus W. Youngblood, Clinton Hill, Roy H. Kellerman, and William Greer.
Warren report and volumes of hearings and exhibits.
Original autopsy documents (Archives: "Autopsy 4-1).
The original autopsy photographs and X-ray (including transparencies and negatives) were available, along with comparison X-rays of President Kennedy (X-rays taken from 1960-63), black and white enlargements of selected autopsy photographs, the original Connally X-rays, the original clothing, the bullet and bullet fragments rifle, cartridges, limousine photographs, windshield, and slides from the Zapruder film. A film and slide presentation of the assassination was prepared and shown by Robert Groden.
LIST OF ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTARY MATERIALS PROVIDED TO THE FORENSIC PATHOLOGY PANEL BY THE HOUSE SELECT COMMITTEE ON ASSASSINATIONS
Black and white prints, color prints, and original transparencies:
1 * | (18 JB**) | 16 (10 JB) | 38 |
2 | (17 JB) | 17 (2 JB) | 39 |
3 | (14 JB) | 18 (JB) | 40 |
4 | (13 JB) | 26 | 41 |
5 | (9 JB) | 27 | 42 |
6 | (3 JB) | 28 | 43 |
7 | (16 JB) | 29 | 44 |
8 | (7 JB) | 30 | 45 |
9 | (11 JB) | 31 | 46 |
10 | (12 JB) | 32 | 47 |
11 | (6 JB) | 33 | 48 |
12 | (5 JB) | 34 | 49 |
13 | (8 JB) | 35 | 50 |
14 | (15 JB) | 36 | 51 |
15 | (4 JB) | 37 | 52 |
*National Archive Numbers.
**Dr. J. Thornton Boswell.
Pictures of Harper Bone Fragment.
Film and slide presentations by Robert Groden. Photographs of the presidential limousine.
X-rays:
1 6 11
2 7 12
3 8 13
4 9 14
5 10
Comparison X-rays of John F. Kennedy (taken 1960-63). Bullets and fragments: CE 399, CE 567, CE 569, and CE 840. Motion picture films: CE 904--Zapruder film and CE 905--Nix film. Single frame pictures of Zapruder film. frames 215 through 334.
Clothing of John F. Kennedy: CE 393 suit coat; CE 394 shirt; and CE 395 necktie.
Clothing of Governor Connally: Suit coat, shirt, and trousers.
Other: Oswald rifle, clips, spent shells and windscreen and windshield from the Presidential limousine.
ADDENDUM C
REPORT OF G.M. MCDONNEL, M.D., CONCERNING THE OBSERVATIONS, ANALYSIS, AND CONCLUSIONS 15 CONNECTION WITH THE RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGES AND HANCED IMAGES OF X-RAYS ATTRIBUTED TO PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY, DATED AUGUST 4, 5978
DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY
TO:Michael Goldsmith Senior Staff Counsel
Select Committee on Assassinations U.S. House of Representatives
3342 House Office buildlng, Annex 2 Washington, D.C. 21)515
DATE: August 4, 1978
SUBJECT:Report of G.M. McDonnel, H.D. concerning Observation, analysis, and conclusions in connection with radiographic images and enhanced images attributed to President John F. Kennedy.
This report replaces my report of March 8, 1978 and supplements my presentation of July 21, 197g in the Rayburn Building, Washington, D.C.
I was exposed to radiographic images identified by the number 21296 at Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, (California on March 7, 1978. At my suggestion portions of these radiographs were digitized and enhanced by Aerospace Corporation for further observation and analysis.
I participated in discussions during the photographic evidence panel on 6 and 7 April 1978 during which time I dialogued with Dr. James eaton concerning my interpretation of these radiographs and the enhanced images.
On 2 June 1978 I again viewed and analyzed the radiographic images at the National Archives Building in Washington, D.C. As requested I also interpreted and analyzed skull and sinus radiographs obtained during the lifetime of the subject for the specific purpose of authenticating the radiographs obtained before and after the autopsy.
The original radiographs seen on 7 Hatch were:
The findings and interpretation of the skull films are:
The mechanism of damage to the skull is concluded to be:
CHEST
The pre-autopsy radiograph of the chest shows air in the soft tissues of the right supraclavicular area soft tissues.
There is an undisplaced fracture of the proximal portion of the right transverse process of T1 (or the region of the costovertebral junction).
There is no evidence of fracture of the cervical spine or its associated appendages.
In the post autopsy film of the thoracic region there is debris in the radiographic image superimposed over the area to the right of the C7 vertebral body.
In the enhanced post autopsy image of the same area, there appears to be fractures of the posterior aspects of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th ribs. These are artifacts.
Authenication of Radiographs.
The following radiographs were provided at the National Archives, Washington, D.C. on June 2, 1978.
this tissue swelling is similar in all three studies.
In my opinion the three sets of radiographs are positively and without controversy, of the same individual. It is impossible to simulate the referenced anatomical landmarks, the nasal septum deviation, and the documentation of the progressive disease process in the left frontal sinus.
Enhancement of the Radiographic Images.
The digitized and enhanced images produced by Aerospace Corporation permitted definitive observation and analysis of the original radiographs. Further, enhancement permitted analysis or elimination of artifacts on the images. The most vivid result of the clear definition of the multiple fractures radiating from the area of the entrance of the penetrating missile in the right occipital bone.
"Doctoring" of the Radiographic Images"
In my opinion the images which I have seen have not been "doctored" or "treated" in any fashion, except for:
The linear opacities associated with the images have been said to be the result of manipulation. These opacities or normal grid lines from the grid used to eliminate "scatter fogging" of the images at the time of exposure of the films and therefore represent normal images without evidence of manipulation.
Final Summary:
GMM: st
8 March 1978
ENCLOSURE NO. 1
Statement by Dr. G.M. McDonnel
On 7 March 1978, at The Aerospace Corporation, I was asked to interpret six radiographs which are identified by the Number 21296, dated 11/22/63, and Bethesda NMC. The views were:
These radiographs were unenhanced. My preliminary interpretation follows:
My preliminary cronological conclusions are:
It is respectfully requested that this interpretation may be modified after analysis and study of enhanced images of the referenced radiographs.
REPORT OF DAVID O. DAVIS, M.D., CONCERNING THE EXAMINATION OF THE AUTOPSY X-RAYS OF PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY, DATED AUGUST 23, 1978
GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
The University Hospital / 901 Twenty-Third Street, N.W./Washington, D.C 20037
MEMORANDUM TO:
FROM:
PLACE:
DATE: August 23, 1978
SUBJECT: Examination of JFK Autopsy X-Rays
PERSONS PRESENT:
Mr Mark Flanagan, US House of Representatives Select Committee on Assassinations
Staff Member
David 0 Davis, MD, Professor and Chairman, Department of Radiology, The George Washington University Hospital Washington DC
I reviewed the Kennedy skull films labeled #1 and #2, taken at the US Naval Hospital on September 22, 1963, and two aerospace enhanced images of those films.
The findings are as follows:
There is massivecalvarial damage, which will be described below. There is a metallic fragment about 9 or 10cm above the external occipital protuberance, which metallic fragment is apparently imbedded in the outer table of the skull. On the frontal view, this metallic fragment is located 2.5cm to the right of midline, and on the lateral view, it is approximately 3-4cm above the lambda. There are a large number of fractures in the calvarium, and the linear fractures seem to more or less emanate from the imbedded metallic fragment, and radiate in a stellate fashion in various directions. There is a large fracture extending directly anteriorly along the sagittal suture, which is, at least at the point visualized, widely separated. This fracture seems to extend into the frontal bone, more or less at the midline, down to the frontal sinus which is also fractured. There is a sharply defined linear fracture extending laterally from the metallic fragment into the left side of the calvarium, around the parietal bone to the lateral aspect of the skull. Two linear fractures extend inferolaterally from the metallic fragment, one into the occipital bone, about 3cm from the midline, and this fracture crosses the lambdoid suture. The other one is more lateral, and extends down toward the lateral sinus, probably above the lambdoid suture.
Additionally, there is a fracture line extending more or less laterally from the metallic fragment toward the temporal bone on the right side, which is identified only by the anterior edge of the posterior fragment, since there is apparently absence of bone anterior to this line, with the absence present to a point approximately equivalent to where the coronal suture on the right side should be.
There is a fracture fragment inferior to the absent bone, with the corner of the fragment extending down to the parietal squamosal suture, and this fragment is displaced from its normal position as indicated by overlap of the infero and posterior aspects of the fracture fragment. There is a faint line extending inferiorly from the superior aspect or vertex of the skull towards this fragment, which I feel is probably a shadow caused by avulsed scalp and is not explained by absent bone although it projects essentially over the central portion of the absent parietal calvarium that is evident.
The absent bone in the parietal region apparently includes some fragment from the left parietal region, since the fracture seems to cross the midline where there is some lucency, and presumably part of the sagittal suture and sagittal sinus is absent.
The right orbital rim is also fractured laterally, and the roof of the orbit is fractured on the right side, as is the inferior orbital rim, indicating that there is an unstable orbit.
There are a number of metallic fragments extending anteriorly from the inner table of the skull at a point approximately 6cm anterosuperiorly from the previously described imbedded metallic fragment. These fragments extend inferoanteriorly across the entire skull and actually project (on other images that I have seen) in a fashion that suggests that the the large fragment is outside the intracranial space. Presumably this represents a metallic fragment in the scalp, although this cannot be accurately determined from this particular examination.
There is some air in the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal, and also apparently in the temporal lobe sulci in the middle fossa, presumably on the right side, but since the fracture is open to the subarachnoid space, this is not at all surprising.
CONCLUSION: There is an extensive comminuted, open, explosive calvarial fracture which seems to radiate in various directions as described above from a central point which is located in the right parietal bone, 3cm from the midline and about 9 or 10cm from the external occipital protuberance. There is absence of a part of the calvarium, beginning near the impact point and extending anteriorly to the coronal suture, with absence of a significant amount of bone in the right parietal and presumably a small amount of left parietal region. There is a displaced fragment or fragments in the right frontal and parietotemporal region, with some overlap of the bone. There is a significant fracture in the frontal region extended into the right orbit and frontal sinus. The fractures also extend, from the posterior impact point, into the occipital bone on both sides.
I neglected to describe in the text of this report an extensive fracture which extends inferolaterally from the impact point toward the left side which probably reaches the temporal bone or at least the mastoid region after crossing a goodly portion of the occipital bone there. It seems apparent that explosive impact occurred in this calvarium. It also seems reasonable to assume that the exit point is near the coronal suture on the right side, about 5 or 6, or perhaps slightly more, cm above the pterion. It is not possible to totally explain the metallic fragment pattern that is present from some of the metallic fragments located superiorly in the region of the parietal bone, or at least projecting on the parietal bone, are actually in the scalp. The frontal view does not give much help in this regard and it is impossible to work this out completely.
I have also reviewed the films numbered 8, 9 and 10, which are of the thoracic region. In addition, I reviewed a film taken at Doctor White's office on Park Avenue in New York, in 1960.
Evaluation of the pre-autopsy film shows that there is some subcutaneous or interstitial air overlying the right C7 and T1 transverse processes. There is disruption of the integrity of the transverse process of T1, which, in comparison with its mate on the opposite side and also with the previously taken film, mentioned above, indicates that there has been a fracture in that area. There is some soft tissue density overlying the apex of the right lung which may be hematoma in that region or other soft tissue swelling.
Evaluation of the post-autopsy film shows that there is subcutaneous or interstitial air overlying C7 and T1. The same disruption of T1 right transverse process is still present.
On the film of the right side, taken post-autopsy, there are two small metallic densities in the region of the C7 right transverse process. These densities are felt to be artifact, partly because of their marked density, because there is a similar artifact overlying the body of C7, and because these metallic-like densities were not present on the previous, pre-autopsy film. Therefore, I assume that these are screen artifacts from debris present in the cassette at the time that this film was exposed.
OPINION: There is evidence of interstitial air on the pre-autopsy film, and evidence of a right T1 transverse process fracture, both on the pre-autopsy and post-autopsy film. The fracture fragments are not significantly displaced. I do not feel that there is any evidence of foreign body on these films, and that the small metallic density mentioned above, overlying the C7 transverse process region, is actually an artifact.
DOD/mhw
THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
The University Hospital / 901 Twenty-Third Street, N.W../ Washington, D.C. 20037
Department of Radiology {202} 676-4650
December 22, 1978
Mr Kenneth Klein
US House of Representatives
Select Committee on Assassinations
House Annex #2
Washington DC 20015
Dear Mr Klein:
In light of the recent revelations concerning the alledged acoustical evidence of a fourth shot in the Kennedy assassination in 1963, Doctor Michael Baden and I reviewed the appropriate x-ray films and photos.
After careful perusal of all of the material, I must say that I see no evidence to support any belief that a second shot struck President Kennedy's skull. It seems that the drawings that were produced, after our previous work, are correct. In fact, we were even more convinced after this perusal that the bullet that entered President Kennedy's head in the right posterior aspect actually exited in the right frontal region, at the midportion of the coronal suture, just as is shown on the drawings. There are no additional fragments that cannot be explained by this posteriorly entering missile, and some x-ray and photographic evidence of metallic deposition and beveling seems to strongly confirm the fact that the right frontolateral injury is secondary to an exit wound at that location.
Careful consideration was given to the fact that the fourth shot may have come from the "grassy knoll" and visualization of the course that such a bullet would have to take tends to completely rule out any additional missile striking President Kennedy from the right side. We then considered all of the possibilities and came to the conclusion that the only possible occurence would have required President Kennedy's head to have been tilted to the left side, that is, with the right ear elevated and the left depressed, to a level
MEMORANDUM OF J. LAWRENCE ANGEL, ADDRESSED TO "JFK SKULL REVIEW COMMITTEE" OF THE FORENSIC PATHOLOGY PANEL, DATED OCTOBER 24, 1977
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
Memorandum
To: JFK skull review committee
DATE: October 24, 1977
FROM.: J. Lawrence Angel
SUBJECT:Study Of pictures and X-rays of bone fragments related to those of JFK
The writer of this repert is Curator of Physical Anthropology at the mithsonian Institution (since 1962) and Professorial Lecturer in Anatomy and Anthropology Departments of the George Washington University and in Forensic Sciences Department of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health (in connection with a seminar in Forensic Anthropology). He received his A.B. from Harvard in 1936 and his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1942. He taught at the universities of California and Minnesota and from 1943-1962 taught in the Anatomy department at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, leaving as Professor of Anatomy and Physical Anthropology For some years before leaving he served as consultant in Surgical Anatomy at the U.S. Naval Hospital in Philadelphia, specializing in the head and neck. He has studied hundreds of skeletons for law enforcement agencies in the past 15 years and thousands of archeological skeletons.
In order to approximate the position of 2 major loose fragments it is necessary to define the gap seen in X-rays (especially # 1 and 2) and photographs transparency and photographs of the head and skull of JFK now kept at the National Archives. This gap where bone is missing along the top and right side of the skull vault extends from just behind obelion (area of the parietal foramina) Forward almost to the frontal bosses anteriorly. From the radiopaque lump behind obelion which with cracks appears to mark the bullet entry the left margin of the gap goes forward Just to the right of the sagittal suture to a region of major fracture Just behind vertex where the margin moves about 1 cm to the left of the midline. From here the margin extends diagonally forward to the left to a curved area about 5 cm above the left orbit and about 5 cm from the midline. The anterior:
The entrance of the bullet appears to have been just below obelion to the right of the midline (X-ray 1 end 2). From here radiopaque fragments appear along an expanding track almost parallel to Frankfort and sagittal planes.
The exit area through the right frontal above the bose can account for the sail semicircular notch 35 mm above the right orbit, the radiopaque mark near and at the upper right part of the track can explain the radiopaque markings on the triangular frontal fragment just in front of the coronal suture above stephanion.
The two big loose fragments of skull vault, from upper frontal and parietal areas, more on the right than the left side, do not articulate with each other and leave three appreciable gaps unfilled.
REPORT ON THE SOFT X-RAY AND ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY ANALYSIS OF THE CLOTHING OF JOHN F. KENNEDY AND JOHN B. CONNALLY PREPARED BY SOUTHWESTERN INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, DALLAS, TEX., DATED FEBRUARY 1,1978
SOUTHWESTERN INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES AT DALLAS
TELEPHONE 638-1131 AREA CODE 214
REPLY TO:
P.O. BOX 35728
February 2, 1978
Mr. Donald A. purdy, Jr.
Staff Counsel
Select Committee on Assassinations
U.S. House of Representatives
3331 House Office Building, Annex 2
Washington, D.C. 20515
Dear Mr. Purdy:
Enclosed are the following:
I trust that you will distribute the report to the several members of the Committee. I have discussed it with Doctor Davis already and also am sending a letter regarding it to Doctor Loquvam.
I must stress that there are no duplicates of the polaroid photographs or the x-ray films.
As I recall it it was the understanding that Dallas County would be reimbursed for the film used. How do you want me to make the bill read and to whom should it be addressed? Also, I am anxious to reimburse one of the members of the Institute for the extensive time he put into the analysis of the clothing. As I recall it, I was to bill you for one or two days of my consultation time. Then I can reimburse him for that. Is this satisfactory with you?
Before you set the meeting date in March I would hope that you might contact each of the medical consultants individually. I believe Doctor Davis has something planned for the first or second weekend in March.
Sincerely yours,
Charles S. Petty, MID. Chief Medical Examiner
CSP:jf
Soft X-ray & Energy Dispersive X-ray Analyses of Clothing
J.F.K. and J .B.C.
11/10/77 and 11/15/77
Southwestern Institute of Forensic Sciences at Dallas
Charles S. Petty, M.D. Director
Report of 2/1/78
This report details the analyses performed on the clothing of J .F .K and
J.B.C. As described in other reports of the Committee of Medical Consultants, the clothing of both J .F .K. and J .B.C. were visually examined at the National Archives on 16 September 1977. Following this preliminary examination, the decision was made to bring the clothing to the Southwestern Institute of Forensic Sciences at Dallas, there to subject the clothing to examination by two different scientific techniques:
1. Soft x-ray (SX)
2. Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) Accordingly, the clothing of J.F.K. and J .B.C. were brought to Dallas and the analyses were conducted on two different days, 10 November 1977, and
15 November 1977. The analyses would have been completed on the first day, but one aberrant result obtained during the analysis of the J .B.C. clothing caused me to want to repeat the analysis by EDX. This was done on 15 November 1977,
thus the two analysis dates are explained.
Explanation of analytical techniques:
1. Soft x-ray (SX)
This technique employs x-radiation at low energy (10 kilovolts and 2 milliamps). With such low energy, particulate and other material can easily stop x-ray penetration and thus be made visible on the x-ray film. As an example, very tiny metallic fragments, powder particles, and even the weave of textiles can be visualized. This technique cannot be achieved when using ordinary (clinical) x-ray equipment because the energy output of such equipment is much too high.
2. Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX)
This technique measures the radiation characteristic of different (chemical) elements when excited by an x-ray source. Thus one element can be distinguished from another, or sorted out from a group of elements. Elements such as lead, copper, zinc, etc. are metallic and heavy and are easily detected and identified by this technique.
These two different techniques were chosen because:
a. Both are non-destructive, that is, the garments analyzed are not altered, or destroyed.
b. Soft x-ray can be readily employed to locate particles of interest (if any) which may then be analyzed using energy dispersive x-ray. In other words, the first technique is used to scan the area of interest and the second can then be
employed to focus upon minute areas. Format of results:
1. Soft x-ray (SX)
Actual x-ray films are attached to this report and should be referred to so as to make the explanation more understandable.
a. Film #1, J.F.K..
Two different garment views are shown. Both are of the shirt. One view is of the defect area in the back of the shirt, the other shows the two defects in the front of the shirt. The weave of the fabric is easily discerned. The defects show clearly. Clearly shown, also, is the area from which fabric was removed from the back
ADDENDUM F cont.
defect for spectrographic analysis (F.B.I. Laboratory).
b. Film #2, J.F.K.
Two different garments are shown: the back of the coat, and the four-in-hand necktie. In the former the defect shows up well; in the latter, the rub or graze shows less well but can be discerned.
c. Film #1, J .B.C.
Two views of the shirt, showing well both the back and front defects.
d. Film #2, J.B.C.
Two garments are shown: the French cuff area of the shirt, and the thigh area of the trousers. The defects are easy to see.
e. Film #3, J.B.C.
There is one view of the shirt with the back defect well shown.
f. Film #4, J .B.C.
Two views of the coat are included: one shows the defect in the front, the other showing the right coat sleeve.
g. Film #5, J.B.C.
Two views of the coat are included: one shows the
right front defect, the other the right back defect. 2. Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX)
Two different formats are included: a numerical report which represents the number of counts per 100 seconds for the element which is being analyzed. Thus, the higher the count, the more
ADDENDUM F cont.
of that particular element is present. The other type of report is in the form of polaroid photographs of the osciIlograph recording of the 100-second count result for a given element.
a. J.F.K. clothing: nine polaroid photographs are
attached.
b. J.B.C. clothing: fourteen polaroid photographs taken
11/10/77, and five polaroid photographs taken 11/15/77 are attached.
All of the polaroid photographs are attached only to illustrate the type of oscillograph representation found, and not to replace the numerical results reported below which are complete. The polaroid photographs alone cannot be used from which to calculate the numerical results.
The numerical results of the EDX analyses are as follows:
a. J .F .K. - analysis date: 11/10/77
237
ADDENDUM F cont.
b. J.B.C. - analysis date 11/10/77
Garment Area Copper Lead Iron Chromium
Coat Rt. sleeve control 142 143 212 3498
Rt. sleeve defect 184 125 239 3470
Rt. back control327 127 305 8603
Rt. back defect437 190 620 8895
Rt. front control9281* 106 103 N.A.
Rt. front defect4529** 208 4833(t) N.A.
Shirt Front control198 11 153
Front defect 324 136 610
Back control 193 0 162
Back defect 185 58 371
Cuff control 128 5 160
Cuff defect 157 107 196
Trousers Control 230 113 5421
Defect 270 90 5557
c. J.B.C. - analysis date 11/15/77
Coat Rt. front defect
Several layers 3005(++) 0
One layer 4532(++) 0
Above Rt.front defect 550 0
Below Rt.front defect 411 0
Without lining 420 0
With lining 64(S:) 0
Notes:
* This is aberrant count as proven by repeat analyses five days later. ** Indicative of copper present in quantity.
(t) Blood stains still detectable accounting for iron present. Indicative (++) of copper. Confirms **.
(S:) Negative. Confirms suspicions of aberrant count as noted in * above.
ADDENDUM F cont.
Discussion:
The two types of non-destructive analyses were undertaken to: 1. Determine if any particles of missiles still remained on
the clothing.
2. To analyze the missile fragments, if any, and to define the elemental nature of them.
3. To see if any correlation might be made between the elements found and missile behavior after striking J.F.K. and J.B.C.
In regard to J.F.K. clothing:
At the periphery of the defect in the back of the shirt some very tiny particles of foreign material are seen on the SX film, but no copper or lead were found by EDX.
On the coat in the area of the defect and on the shirt in the area of the right front defect, the EDX gave a borderline count for copper. Iron, apparently from the blood stain was detected about the defect in the coat. In regard to J.B.C. clothing:
It should be noted that the clothing had been subjected to dry cleaning at some time after the shootings. The validity of results may therefore be questioned.
One aberrant result, unexplained, possibly due to a misrecording of data or a temporary malfunction of the instrument (EDX) or perhaps an ephemeral contamination, was encountered. Re-analysis of the questioned area proved the aberrance. Copper was found in quantity in the region
ADDENDUM F cont.
of the defect in the right front. The results would indicate that the apparent borderline copper analysis is due to the lining containing some copper. Iron, apparently from blood, was still detectable near the right front defect in the coat, despite dry cleaning.
The analytical results are of interest, because there is proof of very little fragmentation of the missile (missiles) as it (they) passed through the person(s) of J.F.K. and J.B.C. Indeed, the only indication of copper in any quantity was in the region of the front defect of the coat of J.B.C. The term "in quantity" means only that copper was found in clearly detectable amounts by the use of the EDX equipment. The actual amount is very small, and the absence of particulate material on the SX film is not surprising.
I will not discuss further the relationship of these results to speculation or theory, but I would expect that the committee of Medical Consultants will be able to make good use of this information in helping to form a cohesive explanation of the assassination and attempted assassination.
Charles S. Petty, M.D. Medical Consultant
ADDENDUM G
REPORT OF THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF GOVERNOR JOHN R. CONNALLY--MEM ORANDUM BY MICHAEL M. BADEN, M.D., TO TIlE HOUSE SELECT COMMITTEE ASSASSINATIONS. DATED SEPTEMBER 6, 1978
MEMORANDUM
To: Gary Cornwell, Esq. From. Michael Baden, M.D. Date: September 6, 1978.
Re Physical examination of Governor John Connally.
Pursuant to your arrangements I met with Governor Connally on September 6, 1978, at 2:05 p.m. In room 772 of the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D.C. Also present were Mrs. Connally; Mr. Julian Reed, an associate of the Governor who had been with him on the day of the assassination of President Kennedy; and Mrs. Ida Jane Ross of your staff.
The Governor was very cooperative, but rushed, to catch a plane.
On removing his shirt, it was readily apparent that at the site of gunshot perforation of the upper right back there is now a 11/8-inch long horizontal pale well healed scar that is up to Us-inch wide centrally, with a lateral border slightly lower than the medial border (about 5 degrees). The medial margin is one-half inch superior to and five-eighths inch medial to the apex of the right posterior axilla. The lateral border is 6 inches to the right of the midline of the back and 43/4 inches below the shoulder line.
There is a thin vertical surgical scar 1 inch long in the right midback region, 3 inches below and 3 inches to the left of the above described horizonal scar; approximately 20 degrees from the longitudinal with the upper border more medial.
The exit wound scar is in the right front chest 1 inch below the central nipple line and has been incorporated in a surgical scar that is 9 1/2 inches long that extends from 3 inches to the right of the midline, 1 inch beneath the nipple line and proceeds superiorly to the right upper posterior axillary area.
Positioning the Governor while erect in the anatomic posture shows the missile track to proceed from back to front, downward at approximately a 45(deg) angle to the horizontal and slightly medially at approximately a 10(deg) angle for a distance of 12 1/2 inches through the body.
Examination of the right wrist shows the gunshot wound of entrance to be incorporated into a well-healed surgical scar on the lateral aspect of the distal forearm slightly dorsally and extending to the wrist; there are well healed fine surgical scars on the ventral aspect of the wrist horizontally and longitudinally.
The examination was completed at 2:25 p.m.
ADDENDUM H
ADDENDUM H cont.
Special analyses using scanning electron microscopy equipment fitted with x-ray back scatter detector and energy dispersive x-ray were undertaken on the tissues which had been removed from the right wrist and the left thigh of John B. Connally at the time of debridement on 11/22/63. The surgical pathology report signed by Vernie A. Stembridge, M.D. is numbered $63-6750. The description is of three specimens and the microscopic examination of the three slides made from these three specimens.
Doctor Vernie A. Stembridge was contacted by me and delivered to me not only the three microscope slides prepared from the specimens removed from John B. Connally, but also the remaining tissue embedded in paraffin which had still been preserved.
The three microscope slides were examined and no evidence of metallic fragments was noted either by direct observation or by seeing evidences of tearing of the tissue which might have occurred as a result of the nicking of the microtome knife due to contact with metallic fragments that would occur during the preparation of the microscope slides.
The paraffin blocks containing the tissues from the debridement were then subjected to energy dispersive x-ray analysis. No evidence of copper lead, zinc, or nickel was found.
After preparation the paraffin blocks containing the tissues removed at the time of debridement and still remaining following the preparation of microscope slides were subjected to analysis using a scanning electron microscope fitted with a low angle detector for x-ray back scatter. No copper, lead, zinc, or nickel was found by means of this analysis.
It should be noted that the analyses undertaken were completely nondestructive and the tissues contained in the paraffin blocks and the microscope slides themselves have been retained, awaiting further instructions regarding disposition.
Charles S. Petty, M.D. Medical Consultant